In the military, discipline and accountability are core values that keep operations running smoothly. A service member failing to report for duty without proper authorization disrupts unit cohesion and readiness.
This situation is formally known as being “absent without leave” or AWOL. But what exactly does it mean to be AWOL, and how does a service member acquire this status? Understanding the process and implications can shed light on a serious offense with potentially lasting consequences.
Failure to report
One of the most straightforward paths to AWOL status is not showing up for duty. This can include missing morning formation, a training session or any scheduled shift or deployment.
No authorization
Absence becomes AWOL only if the service member has no authorized leave or pass. If someone misses duty but had previously requested and received approval for time off, they are not AWOL.
Time thresholds
If the absence extends for more than 30 consecutive days, it may be escalated from AWOL to “desertion.” This is a far more serious charge under Article 85 of the UCMJ. However, even short absences can lead to disciplinary action.
Intent matters
AWOL can also involve intent. For example, if a service member deliberately avoids returning to duty, their actions may be scrutinized more harshly than if they were dealing with unforeseen personal issues or emergencies.
Documentation and reporting
Units document absences in personnel records, and after a specific period, the service member may be officially listed as AWOL. This may also involve military police notification and, eventually, legal proceedings if the individual does not return.
Acquiring AWOL status is not a random label—it is supposed to result from a clear set of actions that violate military regulations. While some situations may stem from personal hardships or misunderstandings, the military treats unauthorized absences seriously regardless due to their impact on mission readiness. For service members facing these issues, seeking legal assistance as early as possible is critical.